Loaders are common mechanical equipment in our industry, widely used in construction projects such as urban construction, mines, railways, highways, hydropower, oil fields, national defense, and airport construction. They play an extremely important role in accelerating project progress, ensuring project quality, improving labor conditions, improving work efficiency, and reducing construction costs. Safe operation of loaders is also a very important aspect. Not only does it affect the construction process, but more importantly, it involves the personal safety of the operators and drivers, understanding the safe operating standards of loaders, and driving loaders safely.
1.The main function of a loader is to load and unload materials. The working distance of the loader should not be too long. When the reasonable transportation distance is exceeded, a dump truck should cooperate with the loading operation.
2. During loading operations, the fully loaded bucket should be lifted and discharged externally. The loader should not operate on a site with an inclination exceeding the factory regulations. If working on a site with an inclination exceeding the regulations, it is easy to cause accidents such as tipping over due to center of gravity deviation. There shall be no obstacles or unrelated personnel in the work area.
3. In order to ensure the safe operation of the tire loader, a key inspection should be carried out before operation
The project should meet the following requirements:
(1) Lighting and sound equipment are complete and effective;
(2) Fuel, lubricating oil, and hydraulic oil comply with regulations;
(3) All connecting components are not loose;
(4) Hydraulic and hydraulic transmission systems have no leakage phenomenon;
(5) The steering and braking systems are sensitive and effective;
(6) The tire pressure meets the regulations“
(7) You must hold a certificate before starting work.
4. After starting the internal combustion engine, it should be idling and idling, and all instrument readings should be normal. All pipelines should be well sealed. When the water temperature reaches 55 ℃ and the air pressure reaches 0.45MPa, it can be started to drive.
5.Before starting, the sound should be sounded to indicate that the bucket should be lifted 0.5m off the ground. The reliability of the brake should be tested during driving. Except for the designated operators, no other personnel are allowed to board, and it is strictly prohibited to carry people with a bucket.
6. When driving at high speeds, high gear drive should be used; When loading, low-speed gear should be used for operation. Avoid sudden turns while driving. When the bucket is loaded and driven, the center of gravity of the machinery is close to the front wheel tipping point, such as sharp turns or emergency braking, which can easily cause instability and tipping. When the bucket is lifted and driven after loading, do not make sharp turns or emergency brakes Move.
7. When loading, the loading amount should be determined based on the density of the material. The bucket should shovel the material from the front and not be subjected to force on one side of the bucket. When unloading, the lifting arm should flip and the bucket should move slowly at low speed.
8.When reversing the joystick, it should not be too fast or too forceful, as it can easily cause damage to the components. When operating at full load, the shovel arm must not descend rapidly. To avoid generating significant impact loads during braking and damaging the components.
9. Do not lift the bucket to the highest position to transport materials. When transporting materials, it is advisable to keep the lower point of the shovel arm 0.5m above the ground and maintain smooth driving.
10. In order to prevent the shovel arm from twisting and bending due to uneven force, during shovel loading or excavation, the bucket should be avoided from being biased. Moving forward without lifting the arm after shovel loading can cause large deflection and deformation of the shovel arm. Therefore, it is not allowed to move forward when the bucket is collected or partially collected without lifting the arm. After the bucket is full, the arm should be raised to about 0.5m from the ground before moving back, turning, and unloading.
When there is significant resistance during shovel loading and tire slippage occurs, shovel loading should be stopped immediately, and overload should be eliminated before shovel loading.
When unloading materials on slopes, trenches, and pits, the distance between the tire and the edge should be greater than 1.5m, and the bucket should not be too extended. If the bucket extends too much or tilts forward on a slope greater than 3 °, it will cause the center of gravity of the machinery to exceed the tipping point of the front wheel, leading to accidents due to instability.
During homework, the water temperature of the internal combustion engine should not exceed 90 ℃. If the water temperature is too high, it will cause the internal combustion engine to overheat and reduce its power performance; The oil temperature of the torque converter should not exceed 110 ℃. If the oil temperature of the torque converter is too high, it will reduce the reliability of use, accelerate the deterioration of the working fluid and the aging of rubber seals. When the above regulations are exceeded, the machine should be shut down for cooling.
14. After the operation, the loader should be parked in a safe area, the bucket should be placed flat on the ground, the control lever should be placed in the center position, and the brake should be locked.
When parking, the internal combustion engine should be gradually reduced in speed and should not suddenly shut down.